Problems caused by fuel usually do not show up instantly, unless the fuel is heavily contaminated. The vehicle has many countermeasures to ensure a good user experience. But problems will show up quicker if a) you do not fill up from a high volume station, b) you do not use your vehicle regularly, or c) fill up right after or when the station is being refueled.
The good part at least is that the fuel pump/screen is relatively easy to replace, the bad part is that the gunk that builds up over time in the tank, fuel lines, and engine is a real challenge to clean up. Expensive to replace injectors too, and cats if you let the problem go.
If you keep a close eye on your vehicle's performance, and use a high volume station, that is the minimum care I would say you need to take. A top tier station on top of that would be icing.
